In this paper an attempt is made to determine the most suitable agricultural commodities to be adopted for establishing a futures market in Iran. Two different approaches are adopted: the first involves identifying factors that contribute significantly to the success or failure of existing agricultural commodities futures contracts in established futures markets. The second involves simulating the hedging performance of potential commodities to determine the optimum contract choice. According the results of this study, commercialization rates, cash market size and spot price fluctuations of commodities have the greatest effects in the success of their futures trading. Also, although some of commodities have acceptable levels of the necessary conditions for entering them into futures market, they don’t have enough attraction for their use as futures contracts in terms of producers’ hedging effectiveness. The results suggest that saffron, pistachios and rice are the three most feasible commodities to be adopted in order to establish COMMODITY futures trading in Iran.

One of the greatest Persian language spokesmen in Indian Gourkanian court, who reach the poet laureate of Jalaleddin Akbar (14th-15th Centuries) and known him the greatest Indian Persian language poet after Amir Khosrow Dehlavi, is Abolfeiz Feizi (14th-15th Centuries). Like Nezami’s other followers, he imitated Leili & Majnoun and wrote, as well as other works, the romance of Nala & Damayanti in the same rhyme in 4200 lines in the 15th century. It is a rhymed translation of freedom by Mehabeharat. In this story, he included religious, mystical, lovely, philosophical, and other concepts. In this research, we study the stylistic SPECIFICATIONS of this collection in three lingual, literary and intellectual levels.

Cp, Cpk are the most important indices to evaluate of process capability witch has been applied in industries. In 1985 Mr. Hsiang and Taguchi created Cpm, and application of this index was developed, uncreasingly nowadays they are apply it as valid and trusty index for evaluating the capability of a process. To prove this matter, the biasedness of this index is calculated and is compared with biasedness of other indices. Also OC diagram of this index is compared with OC diagram of Cp. Finally for one-sided tolerance a creative formula for this index is proposed.

Price risk management is one of the most important subjects for economists. In this respect, hedging is one way of adjusting and declining risk. Generally, in all the world, price of agricultural products has maney fluctuations. This is so because of the nature of its demand and supply. Therefore The price fluctuation is one of the most important reasons for establishing futures markets.To establish COMMODITY exchange, first of all, we need to know how it works, what are its characteristics, instruments and institutions, What are the operational, survaliances and legal framework of the COMMODITY exchange. In this paper, we introduce COMMODITY exchange and its characteristics .Then the instruments such as futures and forward contracts and options will be introduced. Legal, institutional & surveliance framework of the COMMODITY exchange will be studied. Then, we introduce the entrance indices of commodities to the exchange .In the last section, we investigate the consequences of establishing COMMODITY exchange in Iran.

In the implementation of the 3rd Five year development plan (FYDP), the constitution of agriculture COMMODITY exchange in Iran was approved by the government. The Ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture, in collaboration with Iran Stock Exchange and Agriculture Bank, has taken the first steps to commence the exchange. In this paper, first, the major problem of Iranian agriculture market are reviewed, and then the important concepts of agriculture COMMODITY exchange which can help developing the agriculture standard, marketing function, transparency of the market information, transferring the price risk and also the future and option contracts are explained.    

Abstract This article is about Milton Friedman's methodology in Economics. Friedman's main article "The Methodology of Positive Economics" published in 1953 is a mixture of philosophical ideas. By analyzing this article and critics of his methodology among economics philosophers as well, we recognize six specification for his methodology. The first is Friedman' theory which is a complex intermixture of two elements; language and substantive hypothesis. The second is Friedman' experiment, which is in fact an indirect testing of a theoretical prediction by experimental evidences. So the validity of a theory depends on its power or prediction, not the truth of its assumptions. The third is Friedman's unrealisticness that allows substantial hypotheses to capture useful aspects of reality not the whole. The forth is the Marshallian approach of Friedman in Economics versus the Walrasian, which lets him to build the economic model problem specific. The fifth is Friedman's statistical approach. He believes that the only way that economists can come up with a consensus is to use statistics and probabilities. The sixth is Friedman's causality. He believes that the concepts of cause and effect are ambiguous, instead, we should use endogenous and exogenous concepts in economic models.